Many galaxies whose images have been distorted by the gravitational lensing effect observed by the Space Telescope Online | Surrey portal site to the universe

This image captures the galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915, about 7.6 billion light-years away in the direction of Phoenix. The mass of the entire galaxy cluster is estimated to be about 2,100 trillion times that of the Sun. ACT-CL J0102-4915 is named “El Gordo” (Spanish for “fat man” in Japanese).

This image was created based on data obtained on July 29, 2022 using the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Since the Webb Space Telescope primarily observes wavelengths in the invisible infrared, To the human eye, the colors in the published images are color-coded according to the filters used during the acquisition process.（※）。

*In this image, 1.15 µm and 1.5 µm are colored blue, 2.0 µm and 2.77 µm are colored green, and 3.56 µm and 4.44 µm are colored red.

The El Gorod galaxy cluster has been spotted by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), but according to the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in the US, observations by the Hubble Space Telescope show only a faint picture. He succeeded in taking a number of distorted images of galaxies that were not visible.

In the following image, two particularly distinct galaxies are captured. According to STScI, the elongated image of the galaxy, shown by square A, is called “La Flaca” in Spanish, meaning “thin man”, and it takes about 11 billion galaxies for light to reach Earth, and it took years. The hook galaxy, shown in square B, is called “El Anzuelo” in Spanish, and it took the light about 10.6 billion years to reach Earth.

[▲ مواضع وصور مكبرة لمجرات La Flaca (A) و El Anzuelo (B) مشوهة بتأثير الجاذبية العدسية لمجموعة El Gorod (Credit: NASA، ESA، CSA، J. Diego (Instituto de Física de Cantabria) ، B. Frye (جامعة أريزونا) ، P. Kamieneski (جامعة ولاية أريزونا) ، T. Carleton (جامعة ولاية أريزونا) ، R. Windhorst (جامعة ولاية أريزونا) ، A. Pagan (STScI)) ، J. Summers (أريزونا) State University)، J. D’Silva (University of Western Australia)، A. Koekemoer (STScI)، A. Robotham (University of Western Australia))]

It is the effect of “gravitational lensing” that distorts the image of the galaxy. Gravitational lensing is the distortion of space-time caused by the mass of a celestial body (celestial body lens) in the foreground, which changes the direction of transmission of light emitted by the celestial body (light source) on the other side, thus distorting the image. from Earth, a phenomenon that appears to be expanding or expanding. Gravitational lensing can be used as a “natural telescope” to observe distant objects, and by analyzing their intensity, it is possible to learn the distribution of unknown dark matter in galaxy clusters.

The combination of the effect of gravitational reversal of the massive mass of the El Gorod galaxy cluster and the Webb Space Telescope has led to new scientific results. For example, when a research team led by Patrick Kaminsky of Arizona State University corrected for the effect of gravitational lensing on the image of El Ansuelo, the galaxy is a disk-shaped galaxy 26,000 light-years in diameter. It is a process called “cooling,” in which star formation rapidly weakens at the center. A paper summarizing the findings of Kamieneski et al.’s research has been accepted by The Astrophysical Journal, and preliminary printing is now available on arXiv.

In addition, when a research team led by José Diego of the Cantabrian Institute of Physics analyzed another elongated image galaxy (visible near the bottom left corner in the opening image) other than La Flaca, one object that appears to be a red giant was detected. This object could be the first single red giant detected at cosmic distances. A paper summarizing the findings of Mr. Diego et al.’s research has been published in the Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics.

The first image was released on August 2, 2023 by STScI, which operates the Webb Space Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope, as well as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA).

* Distances are expressed in the article as “optical path distances” (light path distances), which refer to the distance that light emitted from a celestial body travels before it is observed on Earth.

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• Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, J. Diego (Cantabrian Institute of Physics), B. Frye (Arizona State University), P. Kamieneski (Arizona State University), T. Carleton (Arizona State University), R. Windhorst (Arizona State University) Arizona), A. Pagan (STScI), J. Summers (ASU), J. D’Silva (University of Western Australia), A. Koekemoer (STScI), A. Robotham (University of Western Australia).
• STScI – Webb highlights gravitational arcs in the “El Gordo” galaxy cluster
• NASA – Webb highlights gravitational arcs in the “El Gordo” galaxy cluster
• ESA/web – Webb highlights gravitational arcs in the “El Gordo” galaxy cluster (NIRCam image)
• Kaminsky et al. – Are the JWST/NIRCam color gradients in the dusty star-forming galaxy z = 2.3 due to attenuation of central dust or the growth of the galaxy from the inside out? (arXiv)
• Diego et al. – PEARLS from JWST: New lensing model for ACT-CL J0102-4915, “El Gordo” and the first red giant star in cosmic distances discovered by JWST (Astronomy & Astrophysics)

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