Discovery of evidence that a giant black hole is rotating? Analysis of observational data from jets emitted by M87 | The universe’s portal website to the universe

An international research team led by Chinese Zhejiang Laboratory researcher Zi Yuzhou, and including researchers from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), discovered the center of the elliptical galaxy M87, and announced the results of a study in which they discovered that the elliptical galaxy M87 changes the direction of the flow (a tight, narrow, high-speed flow of gas) emitted From an asteroid every 11 years.

M87 (Messier 87), located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo, is known to be one of the active galaxies spewing jets from its center. These jets are ejected into a supermassive black hole believed to be at the center of the galaxy, and some of the gas that falls as it orbits around the black hole at high speed is ejected at high speed toward the black hole’s poles. he thinks that

[▲ المرجع: المجرة الإهليلجية “M87 (Messier 87)” التي تم تصويرها بواسطة تلسكوب هابل الفضائي (الائتمان: ناسا ووكالة الفضاء الأوروبية وفريق تراث هابل (STScI/AURA)؛ شكر وتقدير: P. Cote (معهد هيرزبرج للفيزياء الفلكية) وE بالتز (جامعة ستانفورد)]

In April 2019, the international research group Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) announced that it had succeeded in observing the area surrounding the supermassive black hole at the center of M87 using radio waves, and released the image. Four years later, in April 2023, it was announced that they were simultaneously able to observe the accretion disk (a ring-shaped structure formed by falling matter as it rotates) surrounding the same black hole and the root of the Massu jet. The mass of the supermassive black hole in M87 is estimated to be about 6.5 billion suns.

RELATED: Successfully captures structure surrounding a supermassive black hole and root jets simultaneously for the first time (April 27, 2023)

[▲المرجع:ظلالثقبالأسودالهائلالموجودفيمركزالمجرةالإهليلجية”M87″الصادرعنEHTفيأبريل2019(مصدرالصورة:EHTCollaboration)]

This time, Choi and his colleagues analyzed 170 images of the plane obtained through radio observations of M87 over more than 20 years, in order to investigate in detail how the plane’s shape changed. As a result, they found that the direction of the plane’s ejection changes over a period of about 11 years.

According to EHT-Japan, previous studies have indicated that the M87 jet oscillates sideways in the direction of ejection, but it is not known whether there is a cause or periodicity. Looking back, Mr. Choi says, “I was shocked when I made this discovery,” commenting that the discovery was made possible through careful analysis of a huge amount of data obtained during more than 20 years of observations.

[▲ الصف العلوي: مثال لصورة الطائرة M87 التي تم الحصول عليها عن طريق المراقبة الراديوية. الصف السفلي: التغيرات في اتجاه الطائرة التي تم قياسها بين عامي 2000 و2022. يُظهر المنحنى الأحمر نموذج المبادرة لمدة 11 عامًا الذي يتطابق بشكل أفضل مع النتائج المرصودة (Credit: Cui et al. (2023))]

[▲ صورة متحركة توضح كيف يتغير اتجاه القذف النفاث بمرور الوقت (مصدر الصورة: Cui et al. (2023))]

In order to investigate the cause of this periodic change, the research team conducted simulations using the National Astronomical Observatory’s astronomy supercomputer, ATERUI II, and found that the accretion disc is created when a black hole drags on the rotating space and time surrounding it.(※1)It turns out that it can be interpreted as. Precession is a motion in which a rotating body traces a circle while its axis of rotation is tilted, also called oscillation. This movement is similar to the movement of the top, which continues to rotate while tilting its axis.

[▲ تقدم قرص التراكم والنفث الموضح في محاكاة باستخدام المرصد الفلكي الوطني للكمبيوتر العملاق الياباني “ATERUI II” (مصدر الصورة: توموهيرو كاواشيما (معهد أبحاث الأشعة الكونية، جامعة طوكيو))]

This result shows that the supermassive black hole (supermassive black hole) at the center of M87 is rotating, and that the black hole’s rotation is involved in generating the jets.(※2)This is said to indicate that. The research team continues to work on observing the M87 jet, and Professor Yoshiki Honma, Director of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan’s Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, who participated in the research, said: “In the future, we will use the changes in shape from the jets obtained to create a video of the black hole that can be obtained.” It using EHT. By comparing the results with black holes and jets, we would like to deduce the relationship between black holes and jets more precisely. And also the speed of its rotation.”

■ Footnotes
*1…The relativistic effect in which the surrounding space-time is rotated by being pulled by a rotating celestial body is called the “lens-thuring effect”, and the precession resulting from this effect is called the “lens-thuring effect”. “It’s called the Schilling Initiative.
*2…According to EHT-Japan, it is not yet known how jets that accelerate to more than 99% of the speed of light are emitted, and how the black hole’s rotational energy is pulled through the magnetic field. which is said to have been bypassed (the Blandford-Zenick mechanism) is considered the most likely candidate. By finding evidence of Lens-Schilling precession, which indicates that black holes rotate, this research confirms that this mechanism is likely to occur.

source

• NAOJ – The advanced exit of M87 – new evidence of the “spin” of a supermassive black hole –
• EHT-Japan – M87’s advanced jet ~ New evidence showing the ‘spin’ of a supermassive black hole ~
• Cui et al. – A pre-jet nozzle connected to a rotating black hole in M87 (Nature, Research arena)

Text Editing/Syrian Studies Department