Sign that a galaxy about 13.3 billion light-years away is orbiting, captured by ALMA | Sorae Portal to space

we liveMilky Wayand disc-shaped galaxies such as spiral galaxies and barred spiral galaxiesCircular motionwork. The speed of rotation of the galactic disk isHundreds of kilometers per second(For example, the rotation speed of the Milky Way is about 220 km/s), and the shape is said to be maintained by the balance between gravity and centrifugal force. Previous studies of galaxies in the early universe have shown thatThe galaxy 12.9 billion years ago (900 million years after the Big Bang) is also rotatingIt has been confirmed that astronomersThe origin of the rotation of the galaxyThe situation is approaching.

Connection:The appearance of a small, dark galaxy 12.9 billion years ago was revealed by the effect of gravitational lensing

■ Did you capture the emergence of a rotating disk galaxy 500 million years after the Big Bang?

Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Sciences and Engineering Second Master’s Course (at research time)Takeshi TokuokaThe research team led by a group of radio telescopes.“Alma”The result of the observation using the direction of the “lion”It has detected a signal that the galaxy “MACS 1149-JD1” (hereafter “JD1”) is about 13.28 billion light-years away orbiting.We announced the search results. JD1 is said to be the farthest rotating disk galaxy found in observing history.

According to the research team 1 dinarsIts diameter is about 3000 light-years(three parts of the current Milky Way),Mass equals one billion sunsestimated to be.measuredRotation speed is about 50 km/sTherefore, it is lower than that of later time galaxies such as the Milky Way and the research teamCapture the beginning of the evolution of the rotation of the galaxyI suspect. In light of previous research, JD1 formed about 250 million years after the Big Bang (13.55 billion years ago), and a rotating galactic disk began to form about 500 million years after the Big Bang (13.3 billion years ago). It seems to be possible.

[▲فيديويصورولادةونموMACS1149-JD1]
（Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO))

Find out whether the first galaxies in the universe rotate or notImportant insights into the formation of galaxieswill lead to get. According to the research team, if the galaxy was in a rotational motion, it is possible that the star formed and formed in an environment in which the gas that is the substance of the star flows into the galaxy in an orderly and continuous manner. . Conversely, if the galaxy was not in a state of rotation, it is possible that the galaxy formed in a violent environment where small galaxies collide frequently.

According to the research team 1 dinarsJames WebbHe is said to be the target of first-year observations with a space telescope. The research team will be encouraged to observe JD1 using the Webb Space Telescope and observe other galaxies of the same era with the ALMA telescope as a result of this achievement.The full picture of the formation of the galaxyI hope it turns out.

In this study, based on the oxygen ion gas distribution obtained by observing the ALMA telescope,Doppler effectThe rotation speed of JD1 was obtained by measuring the wavelength shiftResulting from. Observations took place from October to December 2018, and although the data came in early 2019,Spent two years analyzing complex data

it’s called.

* … the wavelength of the radio wave from the part that orbits toward Earth is short (blue shift), and the wavelength of the radio wave from the part that orbits away from Earth is long (red shift).In addition, Waseda University College of Science and Engineering who participated in the researchProfessor Akio Inoue

[▲رسمبيانييقارنخريطةسرعةMACS1149-JD1(يسار)التيتمالحصولعليهامنخلالمراقبةALMAوخريطةالسرعةلبرنامجالنموذجالعددي(يمين)(Credit:WasedaUniversity)]

Mr. Tokooka said that by working at home, he was able to focus on analyzing data and creating model programs. I was studying while I was imagining it. I hope everyone is excited about expanding this imagination.”

<يتم التعبير عن المسافة في المقالة على أنها "مسافة مسار الضوء" (مسافة انتقال الضوء) ، والتي تشير إلى المسافة التي قطعها الضوء المنبعث من الجسم السماوي حتى يتم ملاحظته على الأرض.>

Connection:

Discover candidate galaxies located about 13.5 billion light-years away. The furthest possibility in the history of observation

• source
• Image Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), Waseda University Waseda University
• The discovery of the first stage of the birth of the rotating disk of the galaxy Japan’s National Astronomical Observatory ALMA Telescope
• The beginning of the galaxy’s rotation in the universe is approaching 500 million years after the Big Bang National Astronomical Observatory

About the distance of distant celestial bodies