In this book, zoologist Rainer Wellman tells of an exciting life of biomedical science with many discoveries. Ernst Haeckel became known as the “German Darwin” in the nineteenth century. This was the era of the important and fundamental discoveries of natural scientists such as Humboldt and Darwin. As a biologist, Haeckel was a strong advocate of Darwin’s theory of evolution, which he developed further and made known to the general public. The basics of human development through evolutionary mechanisms are recognized today and belong naturally to our general knowledge. It is difficult to imagine what obstacles and hostilities the scientific representatives of evolution had to deal with at that time. Not only church representatives, but also scientists violently attacked Heckel because the results of his research did not fit into the traditional worldview. This was not factual criticism, but it was highly polemical. Haeckel countered this with an extensive research program, the results of which became widely known and resulted in academic publications and expert lectures. This is how Heikal quickly became famous.
Ernst Haeckel studied medicine and the natural sciences in Würzburg, Berlin and Vienna before obtaining a professorship in Jena, which he retained after attractive offers from other famous universities. Darwin’s book “On the Origin of Species” from 1859 inspired Haeckel to tackle questions about the origin of life and human evolution. He represented his theory of development, which he called the theory of descent, in his lectures, scientific presentations, and extensive publications. These were aimed not only at specialist colleagues, but also at the general public. His first lectures on the subject appeared in 1868 under the title “The Natural History of Creation”, in which he extended the theory of evolution to include humans and thus contradicted biblical creationism.
Many research trips, very difficult in the nineteenth century, took him to Italy, Algeria, Corsica, the Red Sea, or the tropics several times over several months. From there he brought with him many materials which resulted in pamphlets. Ernst Haeckel was not only a scientist, but also a talented artist: his watercolors and drawings of marine creatures and other biological figures are still recognized today; They were widely published as nature art forms. His work served as a catalyst for many painters, craftsmen and architects for their own work; Such names as Binet, Kubin, Klimt, Tiffany, Kandinsky and Klee are associated with it. This book shows examples of artwork by Heckel et al.
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